上次和贵坛某些人交流的时候貌似有些人对于我评价宝马4缸NA不给力有些愤慨......其实宝马从来都不是数据流，也不是马力控.....转点东西，让大家看看宝马的精髓和挣扎所在吧。其实，这些东西有很多在老款E90上也已经用了。转载的海外文章，会大概做些翻译，水平有限，难免有误，敬请谅解。
The 2012 BMW 328i is the first example of the all-new 6th-generation 3 Series sedan (code name: F30) we"ve had in the shop.
It"s hard to tell with the naked eye, but the footprint of BMW"s volume seller has grown significantly. Longer overall by 4.3 inches, it now rides on a wheelbaseXSS that"s 1.9 inches longer. And even though its overall width has shrunk by a scant 0.2 inches, the U.S.-spec 2012 328"s tires have been spread farther apart by 1.2 inches up front and 2.3 inches out back. Despite all this, the curb weight of a 328i manual only increases by 44 pounds.
In CAFE terms, the footprint has been increased 5 percent, from 44.8 square feet to 46.9 square feet. That"s interesting because cars with bigger footprints have less aggressive fuel economy increase targets. And the new CAFE standards only regulate the footprints you build in a given year, not the footprints you built last time out. At least in part, this size growth may be an example of strategic upsizing for CAFE purposes.
But such regulatory talk is boring. Let"s see the metal.
Along the way you might want to open my walkaround of a 2009 BMW 3 Series in another window. That one was an M3, so you"ll see more aluminum, but you can still see how the basic architecture differs...or doesn"t.
说了些废话，大致就是说宝马3变大了。
Even though the detail dimensions are different, the basic 3 Series suspension philosophy remains. This is still a strut-based front suspension.
虽然细节的尺寸有变化，但是基本上3系的悬挂还是维持原来的理念，前悬挂基于麦弗逊构造
As before, this is a "dual link" strut, in that it uses two distinct links (green), each with their own ball joint, instead of a single lower control arm and one lower ball joint.
像之前一样，这是一个带双连杆的麦弗逊支柱，绿色的两个，每个都有自己的球节连接，用于替代单球节的低控制臂（A臂）
The front stabilizer bar is direct-acting via an elongated stabilizer linkXSS (yellow) that connects directly to the strut housing. 前稳定杆（防倾杆）直接通过延长的稳定连杆（黄色）连接到麦弗逊支柱的支座。
The key advantage of this arrangement is the ability to move the virtual steering pivot point outboard to a spot that would be physically impossible with a single ball joint. This in turn allows the engineers to reduce the scrub radius and do other cool things with steering geometry. Of course the "instantaneous virtual" intersection point shown above is constantly moving, so figuring it out properly is a bit more complicated than just overlaying a couple of yellow lines.
这种布置最大的好处就是可以移动主销到单球节无法运动到的位置。这样就可以减少主销偏距在转向方面做一些有意思的设定。当然，图中实际的交叉点是一直在运动的，要搞明白如何合理布置是比简单画两条线要复杂一些的（其实是非常非常复杂的）
Pretty neat, huh? 动态图......估计看不到
Among all that aluminum there"s a front suspension height sensor (green) and we can just see the bottom of the twin-tube front strut (yellow).
在大量铝制部件中间，可以看到高度感应器（绿色）以及双管式支柱的底座（黄色）
One of the "tells" that gives away the twin-tube strut is this (green) flattened section for tire clearance. And this mechanism (yellow) shows that this 3 Series is equipped with the "Adaptive M Sport" suspension with electronically controlled dampers. The height sensor we saw previously is one of several inputs that feed into the controlling ECU.
双管布置得一个好处是给了轮胎更多的空间。另外这个构造说明这台3系是装备电控悬挂的。高度感应器是其中一个控制部件。（这绝对是好货啊，不过估计选配.......)
The 328i"s brakes, meanwhile, are comprised of single-piston floaters (green) and ventilated rotors. One of the openings in the front grille (yellow) brings in cool air.
刹车，没啥特别的，单活塞+通风盘，不过黄色部分有个通风口设计。
Peel back the diagonal hood seals on either side and you"ll find a strut tower brace (yellow) that ties into the firewall. 扒开上面的密封条就可以看到顶巴了.....
Hard to tell what"s going on in back from this angle. Nicely finished wheel well, though. 这个角度看不出什么，仅仅是看起来不错的轮子......
The rear of the new 3 Series is propped up by a 5-linkXSS multilinkXSS setup that"s similar, but not identical, to last year"s. It"s almost impossible to see all five links in one shot, but we"ll eventually catch up with all of them. 新3配置了5连杆后悬挂结构，和去年的类似但不完全一样，一般很难同时看到5根杆子，我们拍到了
As we"ve seen many times before, the two upper links (green) approximate an upper A-arm. The forward-most of the two lower links (yellow) is visible, but the rearmost one is not because it"s behind the shock. The slender linkXSS at the rear (orange) is the toe link.
就像我们之前看到过的一样，两条上连杆大致组成了上A臂（绿色），黄色的就是下A臂了，不过有一根在避震背后。那根细长的（橘黄色）是束角控制连杆。
From this vantage point we can see the missing linkXSS (yellow), a massive affair that also carries the spring and shock absorber. The toe linkXSS (green) we saw in the last shot sits just above it. Both of them have eccentric cams built into their inner attachment points; the lower one is for camber and the upper one is for toe.
从这个位置我们可以看到之前看不到的那根（黄色），这根主要的作用是载重，弹簧和避震都安在上面。之前我们看到的那根束角连杆就在上面。它们在内部连接点上都有偏心调整螺栓，下面的那个是调整倾角，上面的是调整束角的。
This head-on view of the same links shows the eccentric cams a bit more clearly. It also shows us the motion ratio of the spring to be about 0.60-to-1 and that of the shock to be about 0.85-to-1, not unlike the outgoing generation.
从后看这两根连杆，偏心螺栓看得更清楚。另外我们可以看到弹簧的运动比例是0.6:1，而避震器差不多是0.85:1，和老款不一样。
The underneath view (my new favorite) shows just how the two lower links work together. None of this was all that visible until I first removed an aerodynamic cover that fastens to four tiny bolts that surround the spring pocket.
从底下看这两个连杆怎么运作。这些都是要去掉空力套件之后才能看到
A smallish (but big enough) rear stabilizer bar (green) snakes between the upper links on the way to meet its own drop link. 细小的（其实不算细了）后稳定杆（绿色），从上面的连接处连到下面的连接处
That linkXSS is made of high-grade plastic and has ball joints on both ends. It attaches directly to the knuckle at a 1-to-1 motion ratio. 这个连接使用两头带球节的高性能塑料，运动比为1：1
Right next door stands another twin-tube shock with electronically adjustable damping. 旁边就是另一个带电子调节的双管避震
Wherever there are computer-controlled shocks there will also be suspension position sensors. 电脑控制的避震器
This view from the front shows the axle and the rear diff housing. 从前面看到的半轴和速差器壳子
All of the 2012 BMW 328i"s rear links are steel, but don"t expect that to remain the case when we eventually see the M3 version of the F30 3 Series, whenever that is.
328的后悬挂都是钢的，不过M3版本肯定要改的
Like the front, the rear end of the 2012 BMW 328i is hauled down by single-piston sliding calipers and ventilated rotors. 和前刹车一样，单活塞卡钳+通风碟
Any 2012 BMW 328i equipped with the optional Luxury Line, Modern Line, Sport Line or the M-Sport package will, among other things, do away with the baseXSS model"s 17-by-7.5-inch wheels and 225/50R17 tires in favor of 18-by-8-inch wheels and 225/45R18 rubber. In accordance with BMW habit these days, the tires are run-flats.
标配225/50R17轮胎17x7.5的轮毂，但是可以选18x8的圈配225/45/R18轮胎，根据BMW一贯的习惯，都是防爆轮胎。
As you can see, the mounted 18-inch setup weighs 53 pounds per corner. Compare that to the 2009 BMW M3, where larger 265/40R18 tires and wider 18-by-9.5-inch rims weighed just 52 pounds. What"s the difference? The M3"s tires were not run-flats, which made them lighter. And before you go there, no, I don"t think our M3 had forged wheels; we had settled for the standard 18-inch configuration instead of the optional 19-inch combo. If true, the difference we"re seeing here (or lack thereof) is mostly down to tire weight.
你可以看到装好的轮胎大概是53磅，对比09款M3上面的265/40R18轮胎18x9.5的圈，才52磅，这个有点扯......M3的轮毂貌似也不是锻造的，主要的重量差异还是在轮胎上......（大概意思就是防爆胎太tm重了）
Even though run-flat tires are not the best choice for unsprung weight and have not been a fan favorite for ride or noise in the past, the lack of a spare nevertheless helps BMW reduce the 3 Series" dyno "test weight" for CAFE measurement and fuel economy labeling purposes.
不过貌似这个可以帮助在CAFE的测试中获得更小的测试重量（因为少了个备胎）和燃油消耗值。
Dang. We"re back in the midst of that regulatory stuff again. Sorry.